Improvement in the manufacture of pipes, roofing, flooring



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V JAMES KENT GRIFFIN. Manufacture of Articles from Disintegrated Wood. N0.H9,60].' Patented Oct. 3,1871.

JAMES KENT GRIFFIN.

Man ufactureof Articles from Disintegrated Wood. No. 119,601, Patented 0m. 3, 1871.

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UNITED STATES PATENT. OFFIcE.

JAMES KENT GRIFFIN, OF WATERDOWN, CANADA.-

TEGRATED W000.

FIMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PIPES, ROOFING, unonms, AND omen ARTICLES Fnommsm- I Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 119,601, dated October 3, 1871.

10 all whom it may concern:

' being had to the accompanying drawing, in

Figure 1, Plate N o. 1, is a side elevation of my improved machine for manufacturing articles from refuse and other wood, fiber, &c. Fig. 2 is a rear view of the adjustable rollers, pipe-core, &c., in position. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal central .section of the revolving cutters and the feedingchutes. Fig. 4 is a rear view of the corrugated rollers for forming articles of irregular form or surfaces. Fig. 5 is a cross-section of the surface of the rotating heaters. Figs.6 and 7 are crosssections of the surface of the small pressing-rollers. Fig. 8 is a cross-section of the surface of the oscillating pressing-rollers. Fig. 9, Plate N o. 2, is modification of Fig. 3, plate 1, wherein a single cutter is employed with arotating disintegrating cylinder, with or without the rotating heaters and pressing-rollers. Fig. 10 is a front V 4 view of pressing-rollers and cone for forming irregular-shaped vessels, such as buckets, &c.'

Fig. 11 is a longitudinal central section of the said rotating disintegrating-cylinder arranged within its case; and Fig. 12 is a longitudinal central section of the case, showing its interior construction.

The first part of my invention relates to a certain novel and useful process in treating refuse or other wood or suitable fibrous matter whereby I am enabled to produce articles of any known form by disintegrating the fiber of the wood, and using it with such compounds as are adapted to the various purposes to which it is applied, and forming the united fiber and compounds by suit: able mechanism into the shape or form of article or manufacture required. The second part of my invention consists of a series of chutes arranged within a steam-chest so as to operate in con-- nection with its own separate revolving cutter or knife. The third part of my invention con sists in arranging between each revolving plate carrying the cutters, an endless apron'whereby the mass of shaved wood is carried or fed to the heating-cylinders, &c. The fourth part of my invention consists in combining with the heating and drying-cylinders pressing and oscillating corrugated rollers to further disintegrate, divide, and reduce the fibrous material. The fifth part of my invention consists of a novel automatic delivering screw-core, by the form and means of which continuous pipes can be made of uniform size. The sixth part of my invention consists of a double automatic delivering-core, whereby a sheet for roofing, flooring, sheathing,

860., can be manufactured of any size and thickness. The seventh part of my invention consists of forming embossed or ornamental surfaces out 4 of the material heretofore mentioned, such as moldings, &c., by the employment of revolving pressing-rollers, geared together, and having ir regular, corrugated, embossed, or other ornamental or varied surfaces. The eighth part of my invention consists in arranging within a case a rotating cylinder, said case and cylinder being so formed as to thoroughly disintegrate, divide, season, and reduce the fibrous material between the periphery of the cylinder and the interior surface of the case, and by the spiral ribs of the case cause the disintegrated mass to be auto-;

matically delivered through a suitable opening in the case to the forming mechanism. The ninth part of my invention consists in combining in one and the same rotating cylinder the following: A centrifugal drying-cylinder for expelling the sap and water, with or without a hot or cold.

air-blast; a heating-cylinder, and a disintegrating-cylinder, said'cylinder being provided witha series of cutting-edges and perforations, and connected with a steam-pipe for supplying the air and steam to the respective ends of the eylinder.

The wood, such as cord-wood, slabs, refuse wood, or other fibrous matter is first steamed by being placed in the steam-chest A, the door of which will be at the point above the platform markedK. When the wood is sufficien'tly softened it is removed to the chamber L immediately underneath by opening the trap-doors Z l l l, and dropping it between the partitions n n n n, when it settles against the revolving-cutters r 'r r r, keyed on the shaft 21, which shave the wood fiber under the small iron rollers 01 d (1 cl, which revolve in the guides of the frame 0, every alternate one of which oscillates on the heaters E E, and by their varied corrugated surfaces, shown at Figs. 5, 6, 7, and 8, spread, disintegrate, divide, and still further reduce the wood, so that its fiber is sufiiciently divided and softened for the purpose of receiving the adhesive and preserving compound in the vat G. As the fiber passes over the apron a which revolves on the 'small rollers e c, it is coated and filled with the adhesive and preserving compound, and it is then fed to the core h, upon which it is wound and rolled between the pressing-roller f and feedingroller 1'.

It will be observed that the core his a screwcore, deliveringthepipe automatically. Thepipe is removed endwise by the extra speed of the revolving pressing roller f and feeding-roller f over the speed of the core, or by such other means as may be found convenient.

' The degree of pressure required may be regulated either by the number of rollers or otherwise. The thickness of the pipe or sheet is regulated by the bevel or inclination of the pressing-rollers from the core, (see Fig. 2,) so that each sheet of fiber is spread on the revolving core from the inside to the outside'through the whole thickness of the said pipe or sheet.

To make a sheet instead of a pipe, an extra core, h, is used at such a distance from the other as the size of the sheet may require. To make panels, moldings, or anything with irregular sur faces, pressing-rollers with like irregular surfaces are used, as shown at Fig. 4. Moldings of any shape, form, or configuration are thus easily made by their being placed on the frame B, and the softened fiber passed between them- Thenumber of the heaters and rollers may be increased and regulated as found necessary or advisable, and the adhesive and preserving compounds are varied to suit the different applications of the fiber. Softened Grahamite or asphalt or pitch may be used as adhesive compound; but I do not limit myself to these.

It will be observed that the fiber is not manufactured into pulp as for paper, or into solid sheets; but the fiber is used at the point of its greatest strength, and is carried by the corrugated lines on the heaters and rollers in direct or waving ..but independent lines. It will be seen that the lower pressure-roller f is placed on a movable pivot, .10, and the opposite end is adjusted by the screw w to give it the necessary inclination or bevel. l

p p 10, Fig. 2, are small rollers placed under thepipe as it runs ofi' the screw-core h, to assist in carrying it endwise while being made. The

line 0 0, Fig. 1, shows the course of the fiber from the cutters to the ,core h. On Plate 2, Fig. 9, is shown a rotating hollow cylinder, N, arranged within a case, M, and having connected at either inder over the platform 51 and are disintegrated,

divided, seasoned, and reduced therein between the periphery of the rotating cylinder and the interior surface of the case. The essential feature of this last-mentioned arrangement is that I combine in the same rotating cylinder a centrifugal drying-c'ylinder for expelling the sap and water, a heating-cylinder, and a disintegrating-cylinder, by which means much space, time, power, and heat are saved, and the expense of the machine and its operationreduced. By means of the pipes O O steam or hot or cold air can be introduced into the rotatingcylinder and forced through the same out through the perforations; hence a rapid and thorough disintegrating and drying process is obtained by one and the same combined operation. In Fig. 10 of plate 2 is shown a double core, composed of conical sections Z 2 working between the pressing-rollers T T. The design of such is to manufacture irreg ular-shaped vessels, such as buckets, 850., out of the before-mentioned materials; the bottom of the vessel being first placed between the sections of .the core, the rind or rim being afterward formed around it between the irregular pressers or the bottom, can be formed at the same time by supplying the fibrous material, 860., directly to it; while in making uniform round vessels they are cut from the-*continuous pipe manufactured as aforesaid, and bottomed from sheets of I the said material inserted afterward.

The advantages. attending the use of my improved art or process as above specified and described are many, a few of which may be enu merated as follows: First, the work of the saw mill, dry-house, planing-mill, and a large share ofthe labor of the carpenter and painter, are com pleted in one operation, makingfrom refuse waste timber or other woody fiber an article far supe rior to that made from the best of timber. Second, converting the vast quantity of wood and other fibrous material thrown aside as uselessinto superior building materials and articles hereinbefore mentioned. Third, building materials as manufactured by this process or art are verminproof, frostproof, water-proof, fire-proof, non-conductors of electricity and sound; and houses finished with this material will be more easily heated, healthy, comfortable, and durable in every respect. Fourth, the operation of lath ing,'plastering, and papering houses may be dispensed with, and their place supplied by sheets. manufactured as above described, and the flooring may be laid down in one piece, if necessary,

the same will effectuallyresist the action of frost, cold, wind, or dampness. Fifth, intheconstruction of buildings there will be no open joints, as the material neither expands nor contracts.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, 1s

1. The process of disintegrating, dividing, re-

of the cutters, as described, in combination with the chutes n, steam-chest A, and the heatingcylinder F, substantially as described.

5. The alternate pressing and oscillating rollers d d, in combination with the rotating steamcylinder F, apron a and cutter a, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

6. The automatic-delivering screw-core 7:. arranged so as to produce continuous pipe, substantially as described.

7. The double automatic-delivering core h h arranged so as to produce a continuous sheet for roofing, flooring, &c., substantially as described.

10. The combination, in one and the same cylinder, of a centrifugal drying-cylinder for expelling the water or sap, a rotating heating-cylinder, and a rotating disintegrating-cylinder, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

11. The rotating drying, heating, and disinte- 1 grating-cylinder formed with a series of perforations, in combination with case M, substantially as described.

12. The pipes O O and case M, in combination with therotating centrifugal drying, heating, and disintegrating-cylinders N, operating substantially as described. 4

13. The double conical-shaped core, composed of the sections Z 2, arranged and operating'in connection with the presser-rollers TT', substantially as described.

To the above I have signed my name this 15th day of September, 1871. i

JAMES KENT GRIFFIN.

Witnesses JAMES L. NoRRIs, 

